Schimbări globale, climă, perturbații și abordări alternative pentru gestionarea adaptativă a pădurilor – quo vadis? O încercare de sinteză
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4316/bf.2025.014Cuvinte cheie:
climă, schimbări climatice, perturbații, adaptare, silvicultură apropiată de natură, management mai apropiat de natură al pădurilor, silvicultură cu acoperiș continuu, silvicultură inteligentă din punct de vedere climaticRezumat
În ultimele decenii, Terra se confruntă cu numeroase schimbări globale, între care cele climatice (mai ales încălzirea, cuplată cu seceta excesivă și prelungită ori extremele climatice) se manifestă cu o intensitate sporită. Schimbările climatice afectează în mod special pădurile și multiplele servicii ecosistemice pe care le asigură prin favorizarea producerii pe scară largă și cu intensități ridicate a perturbațiilor gen incendii, doborîturi de vânt, atacuri de boli și dăunători (mai ales gândaci de scoarță). În contrapartidă, pădurile au un rol deosebit în atenuarea schimbărilor climatice, prin sechestrarea și stocarea carbonului în lemnul, solul și litiera forestieră. Prin strategii adaptative active specifice, ecosistemele forestiere sunt gestionate durabil, cu precădere în scopul măririi rezilienței lor naturale la schimbări ale climei, în paralel cu conservarea biodiversității și menținerea potențialului lor de producătoare de lemn cu multiple utilizări. În acest context, articolul prezintă în detaliu atât componentele specifice ale strategiilor adaptative, cât și unele orientări moderne în gestiunea pădurilor, așa cum sunt silvicultura apropiată de natură, managementul mai apropiat de natură al pădurilor, silvicultura cu acoperiș continuu și silvicultura inteligentă din punct de vedere climatic.
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Surse electronice
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